Deprecated: auto_detect_line_endings is deprecated in /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/system/dotenv/Loader.php on line 141

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/URI.php

Line Number: 101

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Router.php

Line Number: 127

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 396

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated

Filename: database/DB_driver.php

Line Number: 371

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 132

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 294

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 168

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 237

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 317

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$form_validation is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$cart is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$M_posts is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 10
Function: model

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$M_products is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 11
Function: model

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$M_post_categories is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 12
Function: model

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$M_product_categories is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 13
Function: model

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$M_profile is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 15
Function: model

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$M_user_profiles is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 16
Function: model

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$agent is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 18
Function: library

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$pagination is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 19
Function: library

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$CI is deprecated

Filename: controllers/Post.php

Line Number: 20

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 20
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$form_validation is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$cart is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$M_posts is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$M_products is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$M_post_categories is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$M_product_categories is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$M_profile is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$M_user_profiles is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$agent is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$pagination is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$CI is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 176
Function: view

File: /home/u7695421/public_html/taniretail/index.php
Line: 325
Function: require_once

Mengenal Keasaman Tanah, Bagaimana Cara Mensikapinya| PT. Tani Retail Indonesia

Mengenal Keasaman Tanah, Bagaimana Cara Mensikapinya

08 Juli 2022   09:28 WIB
180
.
Mengenal Keasaman Tanah, Bagaimana Cara Mensikapinya

Permasalahan pada tanaman tidak hanya berupa serangan hama dan penyakit (faktor biotik), tetapi juga faktor lingkungan termasuk kondisi tanah, tempat dimana tanaman hidup menambang unsur-unsur hara sebagai makanannya. Faktor lingkungan ini dikategorikan sebagai faktor abiotik.

Acap kali terjadi di lapangan, meski tanaman sudah dipupuk dengan jumlah yang tepat sesuai anjuran, namun hasilnya tidak sesuai harapan. Seolah tanaman tidak mau menyerap unsur hara yang diberikan. Meskipun tidak terlalu sering, kami sempat beberapa kali menemukan kasus tanaman yang mana setelah dipupuk malah menimbulkan akibat yang diluar dugaan, seperti daun menguning, bunga rontok,  tanaman lebih cepat layu, atau tanaman tidak menampakkan reaksi sama sekali. Mengapa bisa demikian? Karena tanah bereaksi setelah dipupuk, dan reaksi tersebut bisa menguntungkan, bisa pula merugikan.

Sekilas Teori Asam – Basa

Reaksi tanah identik dengan pH tanah. PH adalah singkatan dari potential of hydrogen, diartikan sebagai jumlah ion-ion hydrogen (H+) pada larutan tanah dengan satuan gram mol/ liter. Tanah dikatakan bersifat asam jika terdapat banyak ion hidrogen. Kebalikannya jika pada tanah konsentrasi H+ sedikit dan lebih banyak terdapat ion-ion OH- maka tanah tersebut bersifat basa atau alkali.

Angka pH berkisar antara 1 sampai 14. Antara 1 sampai kurang dari 7 dikatakan asam. Sedangkan di atas 7 sampai 14 dikatakan basa atau alkalin. Angka 1 sampai 14 itu menunjukkan jumlah digit angka 0 (nol). Misalnya pH tanah 2 berarti jumlah ion H+ sebanyak 1/100 gram mol/liter atau jika dibalik pada setiap 100 gram mol/liter larutan tanah terdapat 1 gram mol/liter ion H+. Contoh lagi, pH 5 berarti jumlah ion H+ sebesar 1/100.000 gram mol/liter larutan tanah. Jadi semakin sedikit ion H+ nya tanahnya semakin tidak asam.

Pada pH 7, ion H+ akan diimbangi dengan adanya ion OH- sehingga jika digabung akan menjadi H2O, yaitu molekul air. Oleh karenanya air murni itu pH-nya 7 atau netral. Di atas 7, jumlah ion H+ menjadi lebih sedikit karena didominasi oleh ion O sehigga menjadi OH+.

Tanah yang baik dan sehat untuk ditanami adalah yang setidaknya mendekati atau bersifat netral artinya jumlah ion H+ dan OH- hampir seimbang atau mendekati.  Tanah netral mempunyai ukuran pH = 7. Sehingga dibawah 7 tanah bersifat asam yang berarti lebih banyak mengandung ion H+ dan disebut tanah masam, sedangkan diatas 7 tanah bersifat basa yang artinya banyak mengandung ion OH-.

Lahan-lahan pertanian intensif sangat jarang sekali yang memiliki pH di atas 7. Tanah dengan pH 7 banyak terdapat pada pegunungan kapur, tanah-tanah berpasir yang tidak subur dan lahan-lahan pertambangan mineral. Karena menyangkut lahan pertanian, di sini kita hanya akan membahas tentang keasaman tanah saja.

Tanah Masam dan Penyebabnya

Tanah yang bereaksi asam (tanah masam) secara alamiah umumnya terdapat pada lahan-lahan yang selalu tergenang air atau berkelembaban tinggi seperti lahan gambut. Tingginya kandungan air pada tanah ditambah lagi terjadinya pembusukan sisa-sisa tanaman dalam suasana anaerob secara berkesinambungan menghasilkan ion-ion H+ pada tanah.

Sedangkan pada lahan-lahan pertanian terjadinya kemasaman tanah bisa disebabakan beberapa hal:

  1. Adanya proses fermentasi yang sedang berlangsung di dalam tanah anaerobik / tergenang air, biasanya pada sawah-sawah yang baru dipanen kemudian langsung tergenang air.
  2. Pemberian pupuk anorganik yang bersifat asam (biasanya pupuk yang mengandung sulfat, nitrat dan fosfat) secara terus menerus tanpa selingan bahan pembenah tanah misalnya dolomit.
  3. Pembuangan air kurang lancar sehingga tanah menjadi anaerob dan kekurangan oksigen. Di sini lebih banyak ion H+ dibanding OH+.
  4. Musim hujan terutama seringnya turun hujan pada malam hari, karena air hujan mengandung asam nitrat.
  5. Pengolahan tanah kurang baik sehingga sirkulasi oksigen pada tanah tidak berjalan.
  6. Pemberian pupuk kandang yang kurang matang menyebabkan terjadinya fermentasi anaerobik, menghasilkan senyawa-senyawa asam.
  7. Tanah di daerah sekitar gunung berapi (banyak kandungan asam sulfat)
  8. Tanah di daerah pantai (banyak mengandung asam klorida).

Dampak tanah asam :

  1. Unsur-unsur logam berat terutama aluminium pada tanah menjadi bentuk terlarut sehingga diserap tanaman secara berlebihan dan meracuni tanaman.
  2. Suplai unsur hara bagi tanaman menjadi tidak berimbang sebagaimana yang dibutuhkan. Ada yang berlebih, dan ada yang kurang karena unsur hara berubah bentuk.
  3. Kapasitas tukar kation tanah menjadi rendah sehingga tidak terjadi pertukaran ion yang optimal dan seimbang antara agregat tanah dan akar.
  4. Perakaran tanaman mengalami gangguan dan penurunan fungsi dalam menyerap unsur hara.
  5. Tanah yang bersifat asam menjadi media tumbuh yang cocok untuk jamur parasit dan menular pada tanaman.
  6. Bakteri menguntungkan akan terhambat pertumbuhannya dan kurang bisa bersimbiosis dengan tanaman.

Meskipun pH tanah paling ideal ada di angka 7 bukan berarti semua tanaman budidaya tumbuh baik pada angka tersebut. Beberapa jenis tanaman justru bisa tumbuh baik pada pH 5-6, dan beberapa jenis lainnya tumbuh baik pada ph 7 – 8. Kisaran angka pH dimana tanaman bisa tumbuh baik ini disebut pH optimal. Misalnya pH optimal untuk tanaman padi dan jagung adalah 5,5 – 6,5.

Alat Pengukur pH Tanah

pH tanah sifatnya tidak selalu stabil. Seringkali terjadi, ketika olah tanah pH sudah dibuat mendekati netral, namun ketika sudah ditanami beberapa kali pH tanah mengalami perubahan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh pemupukan susulan, guyuran hujan, dan aktivitas mikrobiologi dalam tanah. Oleh karenanya kita perlu beberapa kali mengecek pH dengan menggunakan alat pengukur pH yang disebut pH meter atau pH tester. Sayangnya akurasi dari perangkat tersebut  tidak sama antara satu dengan lainnya. Ada 2 tipe alat pH meter, analog dan digital. Dari segi harga ada yang murah dan mahal. Dalam hal ini alat yang harganya lebih mahal umumnya lebih akurat dan lebih awet. Contohnya merek Takemura atau Hanna Instrument

Yang penting untuk diperhatikan adalah cara pemakaiannya yang belum banyak dimengerti oleh pemakai alat-alat ini. Berikut cara pemakaian pH meter maupun pH tester.

  1. Selain alat test, siapkan pula air bersih, kertas amplas paling halus (bisa juga kain lap kasar atau kertas bekas).  
  2. Perhatikan tanah yang akan ditest, jika kering atau hanya lembab siramkan air dan tunggu hingga air merasuk ke tanah.
  3. Bersihkan bagian logam penguji dengan cara menggosok-gosok dengan amplas halus / kertas kering / lap kering sampai terlihat mengkilap. Hal ini untuk menghilangkan lapisan penghalang yang biasanya terbentuk pada setiap pengetestan.
  4. Selanjutnya ikuti petunjuk cara penggunaan alat (karena masing-masing tipe alat berbeda cara penggunaannya).
  5. Biarkan beberapa saat hingga jarum penunjuk stabil (tipe analog), atau angka di layar stabil (tipe digital). Silahkan catat angka pH-nya.
  6. Jika ingin mengetest di lokasi / titik lain, bersihkan logam dengan air bersih dan ulangi prosedur no. 3.

Meningkatkan pH Tanah

Ada beberapa metode perlakuan untuk menaikkan pH tanah, tergantung kapan saatnya, bagaimana tipe lahannya, dan bagaimana situasi cuacanya.

Saat pengolahan tanah pada lahan basah (sawah) dan lahan hamparan.
Dilakukan saat pembajakan terakhir, caranya cukup dengan penaburan dolomit di permukaan sesuai tabel rekomendasi di bawah ini.

PH tanah Dolomit (ton/Ha)
4,0 10,25
4,1 9,75
4,2 9,30
4,3 8,80
4,4 8,35
4,5 7,85
4,6 7,40
4,7 6,90
4,8 6,45
4,9 6,00
5,0 5,50
5,1 5,00
5,2 4,55
5,3 4,10
5,4 3,60
5,5 3,10
5,6 2,65
5,7 2,15
5,8 1,70
5,9 1,25
6,0 0,75

 

Saat olah tanah pada lahan tipe bedengan

Caranya dengan menaburkan dolomit pada permukaan bedengan kemudian disiram air agar partikel dolomit merasuk ke pori-pori tanah.

Pasca penanaman

  • Pada lahan basah / sawah, taburkan dolomit dengan jumlah ½ dari tabel di atas. Saat penaburan sebaiknya genangan air dikurangi sampai tersisa ketinggian 2 cm (nyemek-nyemek / macak-macak).
  • Pada lahan dengan tanaman yang jaraknya rapat seperti kacang tanah atau bawang merah, taburkan dolomit dengan jumlah ½ dari tabel di atas kemudian siram permukaan tanah (kecuali musim hujan).
  • Pada lahan dengan jarak tanam lebar atau menggunakan mulsa, gunakan dolomit dengan dicampur POWERSOIL (0,5 kg Powersoil per 100 kg dolomit), taburkan pada sekitar lubang tanam atau area perakaran, kemudian siram air. Tujuan penggunaan POWERSOIL di sini untuk membantu pelepasan unsur-unsur hara dari ikatan partikel tanah.

Penggunaan Garam Alkalin?

Yang termasuk garam alkalin adalah natrium hidroksida (NaOH) dan kalium hidroksida (KOH). Penggunaan NaOH dan KOH untuk meningkatkan pH tanah sebenarnya juga cukup efektif dan pernah kami lakukan uji coba. Namun sebaiknya dihindari karena adanya beberapa kelemahan diantaranya :

  • tidak memungkinkan untuk saat olah tanah karena jumlah yang diperlukan banyak (kurang lebih 200 kg per Ha) dan sangat mudah tercuci oleh aliran air.
  • Jika digunakan untuk metode pengocoran, sifat garam alkali ini reaktif dan peningkatan pH yang terjadi terlalu cepat. Hal ini akan membuat tanaman mengalami “shock”. Sifat alkali kuat juga akan membuat unsur-unsur hara kationik seperti kalium, dan logam-logam (Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn) menjadi teroksidasi dan sulit larut.
  • Karena sifatnya larut air, maka material ini mudah tercuci oleh air siraman atau air hujan sehingga kurang presisten.
  • Terdapatnya unsur natrium atau kalium akan menghambat pemanfaatan kalsium.

Karena karakteristiknya itulah garam alkali lebih cocok digunakan untuk pertanaman dengan luasan skala kecil seperti tabulampot, tanaman hias, atau tanaman hobiis lainnya.

 

 

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Tanaman Pangan, Hortikultura dan Sayuran, Tanaman Buah, Tanaman Perkebunan, Tanaman Hias, Lain-lain,

 

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